Thu Dec 6, 2012
Places

Toronto’s most, and least, diverse neighbourhoods

Diversity may be our strength, but according to one good measure of multiculturalism—language—some areas do it better than others.

BY: David Topping

So, how’d your neighbourhood score?

Here are the full results, ranked by Linguistic Diversity Index percentage (LDI)—the higher the number, the greater the odds that your neighbour doesn’t have the same mother tongue as you. Again, it’s the City of Toronto’s neighbourhood names and boundaries we’re working with.

1. Flemingdon Park (87.8%) Don Mills and Eglinton AREA	2. Don Valley Village (86.4%) Don Mills and Van Horne	3. Newtonbrook West (86.4%) Bathurst and Drewry

4. Henry Farm (85.7%) Don Mills and Highway 401	5. Willowdale East (85.6%) Willowdale and Sheppard	6. Newtonbrook East (85.5%) Bayview and Cummer

7. Pleasant View (85.3%) Finch and Victoria Park	8. L’Amoreaux (84.8%) Finch and Warden	9. Hillcrest Village (84.5%) Don Mills and McNicoll

10. Agincourt South–Malvern West (84.0%) Sheppard and Brimley	11. Thorncliffe Park (83.8%) Overlea and Millwood	12. Agincourt North (82.9%) Finch and McCowan

13. Steeles (82.2%) Warden and McNicoll	14. Tam O’Shanter–Sullivan (82.1%) Warden and Sheppard	15. Bayview Woods–Steeles (81.7%) Bayview and Cummer

16. Westminster–Branson (81.6%) Bathurst and Finch	17. Mount Olive–Silverstone–Jamestown (81.6%) Kipling and Mt. Olive	18. Humber Summit (81.5%) Scarlet and Eglinton

19. Briar Hill–Belgravia (81.2%) Dufferin and Eglinton	20. Milliken (80.7%) McCowan and McNicoll	21. Bayview Village (80.7%) Sheppard and Burbank

22. North St. James Town (80.7%) Bloor and Sherbourne	23. Willowdale West (80.2%) Senlarc and Ellerslie	24. York University Heights (80.1%) Finch and Keele

25. Dorset Park (79.9%) Ellesmere and Kennedy	26. Kingsview Village–The Westway (79.6%) Islington and Dixon	27. Regent Park (79.3%) Dundas and River

28. Humbermede (79.0%) Finch and Weston	29. Maple Leaf (77.6%) Lawrence and Keele	30. Glenfield–Jane Heights (77.4%) Jane and Sheppard

31. Crescent Town (77.3%) Dawes and Dentonia Park	32. Yorkdale–Glen Park (77.3%) Dufferin and Lawrence	33. Woburn (77.1%) Markham and Lawrence

34. Bathurst Manor (76.9%) Bathurst and Sheppard	35. Bendale (76.8%) Lawrence and Brimley	36. Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (76.7%) Islington and Albion

37. Oakridge (76.7%) Danforth and Warden	38. Humber Heights–Westmount (75.9%) Weston and Fenmar	39. Etobicoke West Mall (75.8%) Burnamthorpe and The West Mall

40. Keelesdale–Eglinton West (75.5%) Keele and Rogers	41. Kensington–Chinatown (75.3%) Dundas and Spadina	42. Bay Street Corridor (75.3%) Bay and Dundas

43. Downsview–Roding–CFB (75.3%) Keele and Wilson	44. Victoria Village (75.1%) Eglinton and Victoria Park	45. Caledonia–Fairbank (74.8%) Dufferin and Rogers

46. Black Creek (74.8%) Jane and Shoreham	47. West Humber–Clairville (74.1%) Rexdale and Martin Grove	48. Rockcliffe–Smythe (74.1%) Jane and St. Clair

49. Weston–Pellam Park (74.0%) St. Clair and Old Weston	50. Corso Italia–Davenport (73.5%) St. Clair and Dufferin	51. Brookhaven–Amesbury (73.2%) Lawrence and Keele

52. Islington–City Centre West (72.9%) Bloor and Kipling	53. Kennedy Park (72.6%) Kennedy and Foxridge	54. Parkwoods–Donalda (72.1%) Don Valley Parkway and York Mills

CITY OF TORONTO AVERAGE (72%)	55. Dovercourt–Wallace Emerson–Junction (71.9%) Dufferin and Dupont	56. Eglinton East (71.5%) Eglinton and McCowan

57. Willowridge–Martingrove–Richview (71.3%) Kipling and The Westway	58. Rustic (71.3%) Black Creek and Jane	59. Oakwood–Vaughan (71.1%) Dufferin and Rogers

60. Malvern (70.9%) Neilson and Sheppard	61. Clairlea–Birchmount (70.9%) St. Clair and Warden	62. Dufferin Grove (70.8%) Dufferin and College

63. Ionview (70.7%) Kennedy and Eglinton	64. Trinity-Bellwoods (70.5%) Dundas and Shaw	65. South Parkdale (70.4%) King and Dufferin

66. Pelmo Park–Humberlea (70.1%) Weston and Walsh	67. Banbury–Don Mills (70.1%) Lawrence and Leslie	68. Scarborough Village (69.8%) Kingston and Markham

69. Broadview North (69.6%) Broadview and Mortimer	70. Mount Dennis (69.5%) Jane and Weston	71. St.Andrew–Windfields (69.3%) Bayview and York Mills

72. Wexford–Maryvale (69.1%) Lawrence and Warden	73. Eringate–Centennial–West Deane (69.0%) Rathburn and Highway 427	74. Elms–Old Rexdale (68.6%) Albion and Elmhurt

75. Clanton Park (68.0%) Wilson and Bathurst	76. Edenbridge–Humber Valley (67.7%) Royal York and Dundas	77. Lansing–Westgate (67.3%) Sheppard and Senlac

78. Rexdale–Kipling (66.1%) Rexdale and Islington	79. Little Portugal (65.8%) Dufferin and Dundas	80. Morningside (65.5%) Neilson and Ellesmere

81. Englemount–Lawrence (64.7%) Lawrence and Glenmount	82. High Park North (64.7%) Glenlake and Keele	83. Rouge (64.4%) Finch and Markham

84. Beechborough–Greenbrook (64.1%) Keele and Lonborough	85. Stonegate–Queensway (64.1%) Royal York and The Queensway	86. Mimico (63.9%) Royal York and the Gardiner

87. Highland Creek (63.7%) Meadowvale and Ellesmere	88. Markland Wood (63.1%) Bloor and Mill	89. University (61.6%) Spadina and Harbord

90. Weston (61.5%) Lawrence and Weston	91. Junction Area (61.0%) Dundas and Keele	92. Alderwood (60.7%) Horner and Browns Line

93. South Riverdale (60.4%) Eastern and Leslie	94. Wychwood (60.2%) Davenport and Shaw	95. Forest Hill North (59.8%) Bathurst and Roselawn

96. Mount Pleasant West (59.7%) Eglinton and Mount Pleasant	97. Church–Yonge Corridor (59.6%) Church and Wellesley	98. Roncesvalles (59.3%) Sorauren and Fern

99. Danforth Village–East York (59.2%) Mortimer and Coxwell	100. Waterfront Communities–The Island (58.8%) Spadina and the Gardiner	101. O’Connor–Parkview (58.6%) O’Connor and St. Clair

102. Blake–Jones (57.7%) Jones and Danforth	103. Moss Park (57.4%) Queen and Parliament	104. Palmerston–Little Italy (57.3%) Harbord and Grace

105. Princess–Rosethorn (57.0%) Kipling and Eglinton	106. Danforth Village–Toronto (57.0%) Danforth and Donlands	107. Greenwood–Coxwell (56.8%) Greenwood and Gerrard

108. Old East York (56.0%) O’Connor and Coxwell	109. New Toronto (55.9%) Islington and Lake Shore	110. West Hill (55.7%) Lawrence and Morningside

111. Long Branch (54.8%) Lake Shore and Thirty Sixth	112. Lambton Baby Point (54.0%) St. Clair and Jane	113. High Park–Swansea (53.9%) Bloor and Parkside

114. Humewood–Cedarvale (51.9%) Bathurst and Ava	115. Cliffcrest (50.3%) Brimley and Kingston	116. Niagara (49.9%) Strachan and King

117. Woodbine–Lumsden (49.2%) Lumsden and Westlake	118. Cabbagetown–South St. James Town (49.0%) Parliament and Winchester	119. Annex (48.9%) Bathurst and Dupont

120. Centennial Scarborough (47.3%) Meadowvale and Lawson	121. Runnymede–Bloor West Village (46.7%) Runnymede and Annette	122. Bridle Path–Sunnybrook–York Mills (45.5%) Lawrence and Bayview

123. North Riverdale (45.0%) Danforth and Logan	124. Playter Estates–Danforth (44.2%) Broadview and Browning	125. Bedford Park–Nortown (43.9%) Lawrence and Avenue

126. East End–Danforth (43.3%) Danforth and Woodbine	127. Guildwood (41.4%) Livingstone and Guildwood	128. Mount Pleasant East (40.5%) Eglinton and Bayview

129. Casa Loma (40.3%) Spadina and St. Clair	130. Woodbine Corridor (40.2%) Gerrard and Coxwell	131. Yonge–Eglinton (39.6%) Yonge and Eglinton

132. Yonge–St.Clair (39.5%) Yonge and St. Clair	133. Kingsway South (38.1%) Royal York and Bloor	134. Birchcliffe–Cliffside (37.0%) Kingston Road and Danforth

135. Rosedale–Moore Park (37.0%) St. Clair and Mount Pleasant	136. Forest Hill South (36.0%) Spadina and Old Forest Hill	137. Lawrence Park North (33.2%) Yonge and St. Germain

138. Lawrence Park South (30.3%) Yonge and Blythwood	139. Leaside–Bennington (30.0%) Eglinton and Laird	140. The Beach (24.5%) Queen and Woodbine

Want to learn even more? You can download a spreadsheet containing the full data and rankings right here [912 KB, .XLS]. You’re welcome to use the data for research, reporting, or to make your own project, so long as you credit The Grid/Wellbeing Toronto for it, and link back to this page. (If you mention it in print, you can cite thegrid.to/diversehoods as the URL.)

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diversity

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Smarchi

If there were not ethnically “similar” cities, countries, regions etc., then we would not have anything to mix into diversity. If we succeed in completely diversifying our neighbourhoods, cities, provinces on up, then eventually wont it all just homogonize into the same culture, language etc? Like mixing all the paint colours together?
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10:33 pm on December 10, 2012

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sean

Diversity-our strength! Yes, if you need strength to murder people.
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7:54 pm on December 10, 2012

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Cynthia

Just want to add that the only reason why they use “mother tongue” rather than “default language” is because they want to make the city seem as diverse as possible. There will be more people who report that they speak English as a default language than as a mother tongue.
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5:07 pm on December 10, 2012

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Cynthia

I’m personally not a fan of the term “mother tongue.” Just because one learned another language first, doesn’t mean that they still speak it on a regular basis! My first language was Cantonese. While I still speak it (enough to get by at restaurants and to understand Hong Kong movies), it isn’t my default language. I cannot read or write the language. I speak English most of the time, including to my family (while they respond back in Cantonese) and definitely THINK in English. I would think that many people in my situation – first generation “Canadian borns” are in the exact same situation. I don’t like being grouped together with people who came to Canada from another country as teens or older adults – people who have had enough schooling to actually functionally read and write their first language.
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4:53 pm on December 10, 2012

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Molly

I’m like you, I learnt Greek as a child but no longer speak it and can’t read or write it. I consider English my mother tongue even though it wasn’t the one I knew first.
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8:40 pm on December 10, 2012
Born Downtown Hos Grew up in York

You “sound” like you have a lot of weird issues. I guess I’m commenting to shatter the illusion. I have the flu today so I don’t care if this comment sounds stupid. I’m not trying to be mean I’m just trying to make a point.

When I read your post, something in between the lines kept trying to jump out at me.

The exclamation point on the, “regular basis”
… no one said mother tongues are something we think in or use on a regular basis so the comment and the emphasis was not necessary.

It feels like you are trying to say something else.
It feels like you jump the gun and are quasi prejudiced because you came in with a false preconceived notion that mother tongue is what’s used regularly.
I will probably sound prejudiced my self by pointing out how you come across.

How dare they say Cantonese is my mother tongue (first language), I speak ENGLISH! -satire

You sound insecure in your Canadian identity and speak as if your Englishness is under attack.

The mother tongue was just used as a measure of cultural diversity, not as a way to discriminate against English Second Languagers.

As for not liking being grouped statistically with immigrants. That’s kind of rude and insensitive. It really doesn’t matter, does it, when they are measuring diversity.
————————
So what do I see?
————————
Prejudice and jumping the gun, unnecessary drama, insecurity and rudeness.
A slight air of arrogance again when speaking about how “rich” your neighborhood is.

I think that’s why your post got 4 thumbs down.

I think, not sure, some of the downtown homes near Chinatown are actually worth close to 1 million simply because it’s downtown, as for income levels, I don’t know.
============================================
I commented because when I see someone come across so flawed, It “almost” sounds like a self hater. Self haters usually have very false ideas about a lot of things. Kind of like a feminist extremist *cough* *cough* uoft.

I’m going to be honest, “some” fresh immigrants have a very foreign, often uncool way to socially express themselves and the language barrier and funky accent usually doesn’t make it better. The annoying ones were socially ostracized when I was growing up. Some fresh immigrants adjust totally well, and you wouldn’t really be able to tell them from Canadian Borns.

This is why your dislike of being grouped with them statistically or socially, is almost understandable but rude.

If you had any Pride in who you are, maybe this wouldn’t be an issue. Maybe I have Pride in being a Human being, regardless of what I speak first and second and third and fourth and fifth and where I’m born or where my people come from and that’s why I find your comment so strange.
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1:13 pm on December 11, 2012
Cynthia

@Born Downtown Hos Grew up in York: Why should someone who was educated in English, and can only function minimally in Cantonese be grouped together with someone who has, say, completed Grade 5 or 6 in Chinese? There’s a literacy issue at play here. I can’t read at all, someone who came at age 12 can (even if they can’t write proper essays in Chinese). They might lose some of their literacy, but some of what they learned will stay. In Hong Kong, I am basically illiterate outside of the financial and expat areas, while my parents, who came as adults are not. So how can you possibly group me with my parents? And for the record, I did not grow up downtown. I spent most of my life in North York (mostly in the north central regions (think Bayview Village/Willowdale areas).
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11:49 pm on December 11, 2012
Not Sure

Calm down. No one called you a “FOB”. It seems your whole comment is to disassociate yourself from others you find embarrassing to you. Do some soul searching, girl.
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3:13 pm on December 12, 2012

bizzee

Could someone please forward this to Pauline Marios and tell her that Torontonians are awash in rich languages, with an itty bitty, teensy weensy taste of French thrown in. I’ll try not to panic or be humiliated by it all even though i’m from Shawinigan….really I am.
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3:37 pm on December 10, 2012

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Matt

So if we assume the Linguistic Diversity Index is the right way to measure diversity, do we have any idea of where Toronto ranks globally?

For example, Miami has a higher percentage of foreign-born residents (60%), but because Cuban immigrants dominate it’s arguably not very diverse and its LDI should be fairly low. London England is 32% foreign-born, but its LDI would reflect that its immigrants come from almost everywhere.

It would be interesting to see if the mythical UN endorsement is true after all, at least if LDI is the measurement.
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1:15 pm on December 10, 2012

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James

Shocked Parkdale isn’t listed higher here. It’s incredibly diverse: buddy holly glasses people, the lumberjacks, the lady lumberjacks, the sailors, the lady sailors, the lady sailor lumberjacks with buddy holly glasses, the 19th century pith helmet explorer boyfriends, the Wes Andersonian cordouroy mid-century college professors, the death metal T-shirt grad student types, the ageing 90′s garage rockers, the tattooed stroller moms, the barristas, the other barristas. It’s a dizzying array of diversity.
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12:59 pm on December 8, 2012

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Aaron

Thank you Sir, one of the funniest bits I’ve read in a while!
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7:45 pm on December 8, 2012
A.R.

I didn’t find the comment to be that funny. It’s pointing out that there’s more to diversity than linguistic/ethnic diversity. Gay and straight, academic and factory worker, for instance–that’s social diversity which is significant as well.
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1:27 pm on December 9, 2012
PayorCommute

as a 90s garage rocker i resent the use of ageing. i am not ageing. i’m barely out of my 20s
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2:26 am on December 11, 2012
Damien 74

And yet they all share a common denominator: They’re all white!!
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4:11 pm on December 11, 2012
Reuben

Hey AR,
Q: How many Toronto liberals does it take to screw in a lightbulb?
A: That’s not funny.
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5:27 pm on December 12, 2012

Chris

I’d like to see a measure of the entropy of native tongues of a place.
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2:58 pm on December 7, 2012

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Moby

Because the Caribbean nations are English speaking, a large part of the story is left out in this article.
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2:13 pm on December 7, 2012

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A.R.

Actually, only part of the Caribbean is English speaking. French, Spanish, and Dutch are also spoken, depending on the island. Your point is taken that Caribbean ethnic diversity may be unnoticed when language is used as the point of comparison.
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1:31 pm on December 9, 2012

Aaron

So the poor outer suburbs are where most of the visible minorities can be found and the rich downtown and inner suburbs are where most of the white people live? Who knew???

Somewhat of a reverse Johannesburg.
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1:54 pm on December 7, 2012

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A.R.

Actually, the map doesn’t show downtown to not be ethnically diverse. It’s midtown from about Yonge and Eglinton that appears to be least diverse in terms of language spoken. That’s where you have neighbourhoods like Forest Hill and Lawrence Park. Also, North York and Scarborough are consider inner suburbs, but only parts of them appear to be the most diverse. So if you’re trying to isolate downtown as some sort of exclusive enclave, you’re not being successful at it.
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1:35 pm on December 9, 2012
Aaron

Actually, actually… almost all neighbourhoods in the Northeast, bordering Steeles or in Eastern Scarborough have a visible minority % in the mid-70′s to mid-90′s and an average income of well under $100,000.00. Most downtown neighbourhoods are in the 30% range with incomes of well over $100,000.00 the exceptions being – surprise, surprise – St. James Town, Regent Park and Chinatown. They are by far the most diverse downtown, Coincidentally, they are by far the poorest.

This growing disparity is well documented in the 3 Cities report, among others.
http://www.urbancentre.utoronto.ca/pdfs/curp/tnrn/Three-Cities-Within-Toronto-2010-Final.pdf

You may wish to print and eat the report first. It will be much easier to read whilst your head is so firmly planted up your ass.
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9:47 pm on December 9, 2012
Aaron

Actually, actually, actually… I meant to write ‘in the Northwest, bordering Steeles or in Eastern Scarborough’
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9:58 pm on December 9, 2012
Cynthia

I wouldn’t call the Newtonbrook or Bayview Village areas, “poor.” Some of the homes there are close to or above $1M. #justsayin
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5:17 pm on December 10, 2012
Millef

Aaron, bang on. So much for a multicultural, integrated city. Most everyone knows – and this article effectively attests to – that wealthier, caucasian people live in central areas of the city where they more or less isolate themselves and don’t mix with other ethnicities, contrary to what CTV, Globe , CP 24 and The Star would have you believe. This is majorly class-divided, income stratified city that’s becoming even more so with the recent housing boom.
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7:20 pm on December 10, 2012
Cynthia

Like I said in the other post, Bayview Village and other north-central areas aren’t poor. Homes in the neighbourhood I grew up in are now about $1M.
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10:11 pm on December 10, 2012
Damien 74

Oh, there’s plenty of ghetto downtown too–just start walkin east! Did you know St. Jamestown was once billed as a planned vertical community for young, well educated swinging singletons back in the 60s? Now look at it.

That’s the future of CityPlace.
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4:09 pm on December 12, 2012

Deamalgamation is segregation

Wow! Rob Ford country is so cosmopolitan and downtown Toronto is so very not.
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11:57 pm on December 6, 2012

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Chris

The data here shows downtown is very close to “average” by this measure of diversity. It seems like Rob Ford country was a coalition of very diverse areas and very not diverse areas. (although let’s be honest, even the least diverse area is still pretty diverse relative to many other places on Earth).
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3:00 pm on December 7, 2012

Mar

Is anyone else wondering how this correlates with house prices and average rents?

Also, does this data count multilinguals once only or multiple times?
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7:22 pm on December 6, 2012

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Serge

Well, it’s based on mother tongue, so I guess the question is whether Statcan allows for individuals to report multiple mother tongues.
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11:02 pm on December 6, 2012
David Topping

Statscan doesn’t allow multiple mother tongues—you can only have one: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/pop095-eng.cfm

And remember, your mother tongue is always your mother tongue, for as long as you understand it, whether you speak it actively or not. Someone born in China could have been raised speaking Mandarin, then moved to Canada and never spoken a word of it since. So long as they still know the language, it’s still their mother tongue.
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6:06 pm on December 7, 2012

Julian

Are you Nate Silver? Didn’t think so.
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7:02 pm on December 6, 2012

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Mark

I would be interested to see this analysis run again, after splitting up the “Chinese” group into its component parts. Perhaps by using the relative city-wide proportions for all its derivatives (Mandarin, Cantonese, etc). As it stands, it inflates the “diversity” of any neighbourhood with a significant “Chinese”-reporting population.

i.e.
30% Mandarin, 30% Cantonese, 30% “Chinese”, 10% Chaochow
will appear more diverse than:
43% Mandarin, 43% Cantonese, 14% Chaochow

Newtonbrook West would likely take 2nd place, while Hillcrest Village would fall sevaral places.
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2:28 pm on December 6, 2012

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Mark

Using a horrifically naive assumption that “Chinese” splits into 60% Cantonese, 35% Mandarin, and 5% a third dialect, I quickly pulled together some numbers:

Top increases in position:
LDI NewRank Change Name
81.19% 14 5 Briar Hill-Belgravia
81.54% 13 5 Humber Summit
81.57% 12 5 Mount Olive-Silverstone-Jamestown
80.60% 17 5 North St. James Town
81.59% 11 5 Westminster-Branson
80.09% 19 5 York University Heights

Top drops in position:
LDI NewRank Change Name
74.15% 45 -25 Milliken
75.62% 38 -25 Steeles
78.54% 26 -14 Agincourt North
73.58% 49 -8 Kensington-Chinatown
80.91% 15 -5 Agincourt South-Malvern West

New top ten:
LDI NewRank Change Name
87.75% 1 0 Flemingdon Park
86.30% 2 1 Newtonbrook West
85.55% 3 -1 Don Valley Village
85.51% 4 0 Henry Farm
84.57% 5 1 Newtonbrook East
84.49% 6 -1 Willowdale East
84.08% 7 0 Pleasant View
83.83% 8 3 Thorncliffe Park
83.11% 9 -1 L’Amoreaux

Bottom ten is unchanged.
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3:08 pm on December 6, 2012

Rob

I live in Newtonbrook East, and I have to be honest, it doesn’t feel diverse at all. It just feels like an extension of Markham/Richmond Hill with a heavy Asian population – I knew this when I moved there. Point being – is a place truly diverse when one population is the dominant one?
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12:47 pm on December 6, 2012

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Ken

Rob, no, that’s not how the index works. If there’s only one big mother tongue, then picking two people at random will most likely find they have the same mother tongue (doesn’t matter what it is). Now, there are many different mother tongues in Asia, so a “heavy Asian population” could be very diverse if a whole bunch of different languages are represented. This seems to be the case in Newtonbrook East, where the table shows almost equal numbers of Persian, Korean and one or other flavour of Chinese.

(as a statistician, I like this measure of diversity. I think it comes from the biosciences. It’s related to Simpson’s index, which Wikipedia will tell you about.)
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1:21 pm on December 6, 2012
steve

I like this index too. It shows up everywhere in the quantitative study of diversity. In ecology its sometimes called the probability of interspecific encounter (or PIE). In genetics its sometimes called heterozygocity. In information theory its related to something called second-order Rényi entropy.

I have an important point: There is a trick that everyone should keep in mind when interpreting this index. Here’s an example. In my neighbourhood, the index is about 0.4. A naive interpretation would say that 40% of the people I encounter in a day will have different mother tongue than me. This is probably incorrect. This is because I have a particular mother tongue, whereas the index is averaging over all mother tongues. Therefore, what we learn from the index is that 40% of the people that an average person encounters in a day will have a different mother tongue. So if you aren’t like the average person, than 40% may be very uninformative for you in particular. However, this isn’t the only interpretation difficult. The index also assumes that your mother tongue doesn’t predict the kinds of people you are more likely to encounter. But this is very unlikely to be true. What is more likely is that people who speak the same mother tongue are more likely to hang out with each other. Therefore, the actual diversity that an average person encounters will almost always be less than the index suggests. So: *the index will overestimate diversity*.

But there’s good news! If we all make an effort to become involved with a more diverse segment of the people in our neighborhood, than a high diversity index tells us that we have the *potential* hang out with a wide variety of people. In other words, we have the opportunity in a ‘diverse’ city to have a lot of diversity in our lives…but the numbers alone won’t make that happen…we need to actually take advantage of this opportunity ourselves!

Great article.
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12:42 pm on December 9, 2012